Sleeperx
Sleepers
Write Scene List
Emotion +Action =
Story Ex + Ax = Sx
In the beginning of my story, this event
occurs: Edward Snowden leaks secrets which causes the US Government to
review documents and discovers an oversight issue with the National Security
Agency and which in turn causes a backlash against the Central
intelligence Agency
These BACKLASHES include disbandment of the
CIA and all network agents and operatives within the US boards and outside.
In doing so a terrorist treats goes unnoticed
by U.S. and it allies go unnoticed and causes a tidal wave of attacks across
Europe and the US the intelligence world is complete caught off guard.
It makes my main character (MC) feel that
his life is at risk(What is he) a government mole/spy living in Europe under an
alias
Which makes the US reactivate the with the
“SLEEPER” program a group of agents across the world who have been kept unaware
and in the dark to the reality of who they really are and in the dark to their
true selves .. BOURNE SUPREMACY meets LIMITLESS…The program has been on Ice for
four years and it was designed to have assets in place for offense or defensive
measures … the program works with a two man team one handler and
the SLEEPER…the handler is just there to preserves’ any outside treats or
issue
So he/she that the SLEEPER CAN engage
and resolve any issue with this: arrangement allows for the team to
move themselves in and out of there day to day his lives , without
any notice
But that makes someone else do this (cause
and effect):His handler to take notice
That event makes MC feel: he needs to leave
once the THE COMPANY/US NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY is disbanded he feels that
it’s safe to leave he gathers all the things he needs to leave.
So MC does this: getting ready to leave
ACT 1
OPENING NARROTOR :Computer specialist
Edward Snowden, who gained worldwide fame after disclosing top secret documents
of the US National Security Agency, which in turn causes a worldwide backlash
against the Central intelligence Agency
These BACKLASHES include disbandment of the
CIA and all networks and intelligence agents, operatives and assets within the
US boards and outside.
In doing so a terrorist treats goes
unnoticed by U.S. and it allies go unnoticed and causes a tidal wave of attacks
across Europe and the US the intelligence world is complete caught off guard.
Which makes the US reactivate... with the
“SLEEPER” program a group of agents across the world who have been kept unaware
and in the dark
to the reality of who they really are and
in the dark to their true selves .. …The program has been on Ice for four
years as it was designed to have assets in place for offense or
defensive measures … the program works with a two man teams.. a handler
and a SLEEPER…Agent the handler is just the root of the operation
to help preserves’ any and all outside treats to the SLEEPERS daily
life
So he/she.,..the “SLEEPER” can engage
and resolve any issue with this: arrangement allowing the team to
move themselves in and out of their day, without notice
Assignment 1
Create the subject of your Screenplay
Who is the Main Character ?
What is the Subject About ?
“SLEEPER” can engage and resolve any
issue with this: arrangement allowing the team to move themselves in and
out of their day, without notice
Main Character Flaw Brainstorm
Keeping your main character’s
flaw in mind, what’s the Worst situation he could find himself in ? He is a
company man but unaware he is a sleeper , so hearing the new the subjective of his unconscious mind starts to act on the
issue unknown to his conscious self as a defense measure.
What is the First Action your MC
would take? To understand that his subconscious self is acting on the behalf of
himself, he starts to react to the subconscious treats like it is real.
How might that action Backfire?
His conscious self falls when the agent side of himself is awaking again as a
sleeper agent, forcing him into action , the view of the persona becomes dark
he is a prisoner the persona is locked up the two sides of the id are playing
to the side of the sleeper and the awake persona
Who is the Least Likely Person
who might help the MC or team up with him? The handler is the only one who is
able to help the awaken persona
What New Action might that that
Person push the MC to take? His treatment is the only thing that awaken the
persona the NZT48 or ZTI
Who or What might Get In the Way
of this new activity? The unaware , persona of the conscious mind the
non-agent his only role is the cover
role and is unaware of any of the actions of his unconscious self.
How might the flaw of the MC turn
into a SKILL? By taking his treatment it awakens all the skill trapped in the
unconscious mind the sleeper the ultimate intelligence gathering agent that is
totality the ice berg under the water.
What Surprising Final Action
could be taken that is the least likely thing your
Plot point 1
Ext. UKRAINE CRIMEA remote dock – NIGHT
As Russia invades Ukraine or MC is planning
to help even the odds by attacking the Russian navy yard at Crimea
MAN holds a bag in his hand moves to the
dock close to two docked destroyer class war ships places a device to the side
of the boat and returns to the water, but not after placing ear plugs into his
ears to block the underwater disrupters
A SOILDER HOLDING a sonic device aims it at
the water.
Once in the WATER the sound of his name is
ring in his ears so loud that he wakes from his sleep.
MAN SITS UP IN BED
1
Sequence 1:Opening Image :MC is found (dream sequence) running for his life
behind enemy lines
Goal: To Show MC past history or state of
mind
Activity : Moving in a situation on pure
instinct
Complication: Alone reacting only moving
without thought uncontrolled
Scene “Entering “THE COMPANY/US
NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY” as a recruit and how he was trained, an EXT The Farm
“
Scene “In Europe on assignment ..living his
his/her* everyday life “
Scene “Living the dream not knowing where
to go stuck in a dream world”
Scene “Hoping to escape hears the call to
duty ,,,”
Scene “….the dream ends ..is real?”
2
Sequence: Theme Stated:“Sleeper” Awakens
Goal: Waking from his dream(nightmare)
Activity: Battlefield fighting to Reality
of the real World
Complication: The War within himself rages
on.
Scene “Waking to the reality of it
all .”
Scene “The big revile …The Company/US
National Security Agency is gone?”
Scene “The know and the not so good.”
Scene “How the handler hands things. “
Scene “Why are you still here (Orders) ?”
Sleepers
Write Scene List
Emotion +Action = Story Ex + Ax = Sx
In the beginning of my story,
this event occurs: Edward Snowden leaks secrets which causes the US Government to review documents and discovers
an oversight issue with the National
Security Agency and which in turn causes a backlash against the
Central intelligence Agency
These BACKLASHES include
disbandment of the CIA and all network agents and operatives within the US
boards and outside.
In doing so a terrorist treats
goes unnoticed by U.S. and it allies go unnoticed and causes a tidal wave of
attacks across Europe and the US the intelligence world is complete caught off guard.
It makes my main character (MC)
feel that his life is at risk(What is he) a government mole/spy living in
Europe under an alias
Which makes the US reactivate the
with the “SLEEPER” program a group of agents across the world who have been kept
unaware and in the dark to the reality of who they really are and in the dark
to their true selves .. BOURNE SUPREMACY meets LIMITLESS…The program has been
on Ice for four years and it was designed to have assets in place for offense or
defensive measures … the program works with a two man team one handler and the SLEEPER…the handler is just there
to preserves’ any outside treats or
issue
So he/she that the SLEEPER CAN engage and resolve any issue with this: arrangement allows for the team to move themselves in and out of there day to day
his lives , without any notice
But that makes someone else do
this (cause and effect):His handler to take notice
That event makes MC feel: he
needs to leave once the THE COMPANY/US NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY is disbanded he
feels that it’s safe to leave he gathers all the things he needs to leave.
So MC does this: getting ready to
leave
ACT 1
OPENING
NARROTOR :Computer specialist Edward Snowden, who gained worldwide fame after
disclosing top secret documents of the US National Security Agency, which
in turn causes a worldwide backlash against the Central intelligence Agency
These BACKLASHES include
disbandment of the CIA and all networks and intelligence agents, operatives and
assets within the US boards and outside.
In doing so a terrorist treats
goes unnoticed by U.S. and it allies go unnoticed and causes a tidal wave of
attacks across Europe and the US the intelligence world is complete caught off
guard.
Which makes the US reactivate the
with the “SLEEPER” program a group of agents across the world who have been
kept unaware and in the dark
to the reality of who they really
are and in the dark to their true selves .. …The program has been on Ice for
four years and it was designed to have assets in place for offense or defensive
measures … the program works with a two
man team a handler and a SLEEPER…Agent
the handler is just theroot of the operation
to help preserves’ any all outside treats to the SLEEPERS daily life
So he/she “SLEEPER” can engage and resolve any issue with this: arrangement allowing the team to move themselves in and
out of there day, without notice
Ext. UKRAINE CRIMEA remote dock – NIGHT
As Russia invades Ukraine or MC is planning to help even the
odds by attacking the Russian navy yard at Crimea
MAN holds a bag in his hand moves to the dock close to to
two docked destroyer class war ships places a device to the side of the boat
and returns to the water, but not after placing ear plugs into his ears to
block the underwater disrupters .
A SOILDER HOLDING a sonic device aims it at the water.
Once in the WATER the sound of his name is ring in his ears
so loud that he wakes from his sleep.
MAN SITS UP IN BED
1
Sequence 1:Opening Image :MC is
found (dream sequence) running for his life behind enemy lines
Goal: To Show MC past history or
state of mind
Activity : Moving
in a situation on pure instinct
Complication: Alone reacting only moving without thought uncontrolled
Scene “Entering “THE COMPANY/US NATIONAL SECURITY
AGENCY” as a recruit and how he was trained, an EXT The Farm “
Scene “In Europe on assignment
..living his his/her* everyday life “
Scene “Living the dream not
knowing where to go stuck in a dream world”
Scene “Hoping to escape hears the
call to duty ,,,”
Scene “….the dream ends ..is
real?”
2
Sequence: Theme Stated:“Sleeper” Awakens
Goal: Waking from his
dream(nightmare)
Activity: Battlefield fighting to
Reality of the real World
Complication: The War within
himself rages on.
Scene “Waking to the reality of it all .”
Scene “The big revile …The
Company/US National Security Agency is gone?”
Scene “The know and the not so
good.”
Scene “How the handler hands
things. “
Scene “Why are you still here
(Orders) ?”
ACT 2a
3
Sequence: Catalyst, Awaking changed change in
his state of being ,mind for, thought, living . life.
Goal :Heading the call.
Activity: Sleeper awakens
Complication: The war between the
warrior and the beast he is trapped and divided
Scene “It was all just a dream.”
Scene “How to wake a sleeper? “
Scene “The effects of the drugs”
Scene “What time is it?”
Scene “Can you tell what we are
doing ?”
4
Sequence: “Debate”
Concern’s from Outside forces and the Pentagon on who is in charge
Goal : Introduction
of the handler
Activity: Team up
(Batman and Robyn)
Complication: Friend or foe *(Agent handler)
Scene Handlers back story and what makes them tick
Scene “Why the two man team works
?”
Scene “What’s happing now in the
world… and how long have I been asleep…for? “
Scene “What do you mean the CIA
is Dead? “
Scene “Who Is running the show ?”
1. Opening Image(1):
THE COMPANY/US NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY/US NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY training grounds empty . the view of the ground after a congress judges that THE COMPANY/US NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY/US NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY is no longer needed or a valid resources to police the world and that the United states is no longer going to the police the reset of the world do to lash backs by the world leaders and the UN have been disbanded and no longer have a budget and have gone dark..but in an underground bunker one server turns on an old world hardware turns on and on the screen starts to run the code….Sleeper…startup …program modifications…and in a home in south east Asia a young woman awakes holding her head rolls out bed.
2. Theme Stated(5):
The room is glowing computer hard and with iv bags to mainline the NZT48 cocktail that brings the “sleeper” online the agent .. needs no support staff, is able to start the drip of the drug that brings the active online the sonic refresh activates the sleeper to the state of awareness but the NZT48 wakes the “sleeper” programming to the point of readiness and full functioning capability. The agent is given his directive to complete all his or her task , and can be central transported from their location via underground networks to decentralized sites near and around a central network or hub.
3. Set-up(1-10): 1
Because to the downing of a THE COMPANY/US NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY/US NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY sleeper cells for an clandestine ops can be ran from a decentralized location , with a preordained and determent mission to blend and react to any given host of objectives without anyone knowing they fit into a host of preoperative functions and with a reanimation blend that brings up a nominative list of directive ran from a underground bunker in their resident which is a part of their deep cover and made to blend into their everyday life of their cover’s aliases operational directive.
THE COMPANY/US NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY/US NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY training grounds empty . the view of the ground after a congress judges that THE COMPANY/US NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY/US NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY is no longer needed or a valid resources to police the world and that the United states is no longer going to the police the reset of the world do to lash backs by the world leaders and the UN have been disbanded and no longer have a budget and have gone dark..but in an underground bunker one server turns on an old world hardware turns on and on the screen starts to run the code….Sleeper…startup …program modifications…and in a home in south east Asia a young woman awakes holding her head rolls out bed.
2. Theme Stated(5):
The room is glowing computer hard and with iv bags to mainline the NZT48 cocktail that brings the “sleeper” online the agent .. needs no support staff, is able to start the drip of the drug that brings the active online the sonic refresh activates the sleeper to the state of awareness but the NZT48 wakes the “sleeper” programming to the point of readiness and full functioning capability. The agent is given his directive to complete all his or her task , and can be central transported from their location via underground networks to decentralized sites near and around a central network or hub.
3. Set-up(1-10): 1
Because to the downing of a THE COMPANY/US NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY/US NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY sleeper cells for an clandestine ops can be ran from a decentralized location , with a preordained and determent mission to blend and react to any given host of objectives without anyone knowing they fit into a host of preoperative functions and with a reanimation blend that brings up a nominative list of directive ran from a underground bunker in their resident which is a part of their deep cover and made to blend into their everyday life of their cover’s aliases operational directive.
4. Catalyst(12): 2-3
THE COMPANY/US NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY/US NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY declassified operation given to the USA military and brought online by the pentagon and the State Department , to check for mission readiness and determine validity to actually field and support capability the “Sleeper” program is brought online and sleepers agents in 10 countries are brought online link with their handlers who work in close coordination with them the assure their cover identities stay in place and to maintain a senses of continuity with the covert op and the day to day life of the operative.
5. Debate (12-25): 3-6
Wither to use the operatives or to disband them disbanding of the THE COMPANY/US NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY/US NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY, puts this program to the front of black ops and is slated for decommission groups arise to remove them but need arises that puts the program at the forefront of national security and the “sleeper” program is brought online.
THE COMPANY/US NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY/US NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY declassified operation given to the USA military and brought online by the pentagon and the State Department , to check for mission readiness and determine validity to actually field and support capability the “Sleeper” program is brought online and sleepers agents in 10 countries are brought online link with their handlers who work in close coordination with them the assure their cover identities stay in place and to maintain a senses of continuity with the covert op and the day to day life of the operative.
5. Debate (12-25): 3-6
Wither to use the operatives or to disband them disbanding of the THE COMPANY/US NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY/US NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY, puts this program to the front of black ops and is slated for decommission groups arise to remove them but need arises that puts the program at the forefront of national security and the “sleeper” program is brought online.
ACT 2b “Break into Two”
5
Sequence: What is the NZT48 ?cocktail and how does it
work?
Goal : “The
Push”
Safety Information
RealNZT-48 provides a custom-matched blend of the most powerful nootropics (brain performance nutrients) available. Because of that, you may experience more clarity, presence and energy than ever before. That should not be an issue for most physiologies. But as a precaution, and so we can customize your blend - Please contact us immediately following your order if you are: 1) On an MAO inhibitor - and which brand 2) On antidepressants - and which brand 3) Sensitive to stimulants (caffeine, etc...) Though we have never had a serious adverse reaction, we're most interested in this becoming the best experience of your life. Please give us feedback on your experience through the Contact form here on Amazon.com NOTE: RealNZT does not have any residual issues like NZT-48 did in Limitless. That was a fictional "clear pill". Ours was developed to permanently improve brain and body, even if you quit taking the product. We take the product daily, and have been since 2008. There is also more than 30 years of research behind the nootropics and herbs that make up our blends. If you have any questions, please contact us using Amazon's contact form. We'll get back with you immediately. NOTE: If you are under a doctor's care for depression, high blood pressure or psychological or physical issues, please indicate so prior to us blending your RealNZT mix. Thank you.
Indications
Best for individuals seeking ultra-high mental and physical performance and improved drive. Includes sports performance, public speaking, teaching, classroom and independent study, ADHD and ADD issues, and depression issues. Provides very focused, extended energy and mental clarity. Users will experience extended presence. The ability to parallel process multiple creative ideas. 6-12 hours of focus with drink mix. Extended with booster pill, 12-16 hours of focus and energy.
Ingredients
WebNutrients RealNZT-48 Current mix (Powder, in test tube): * B5-Pantothenic Acid * Ascorbic Acid * Omniracetam (custom, non-toxic nootropic distillate, 50/50 water/oil soluble) * NooSpark (custom non-toxic neuro-stimulant) * L-Glutamine * TMG (Trimethylglycne) * Calcium Citrate * Rhodiola * BCAA * Choline Bitartrate * Alpha GPC * CDP Choline * Phosphatidylserine * Acetyl-L-Tyrosine * Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR) * Anhydrous Caffeine * Arginine AKG * Citrulline Malate * Maltodextrin * L-Theanine * Grapeseed Extract * PEA * Hordenine * D-Ribose * Theobromine * Piperine * Curcumin * Vitamin D (oil) *** Booster Caps (00 capsules): * NooSpark (custom non-toxic neuro-stimulant) * Omniracetam-O+W (custom, non-toxic nootropic distillate) * Phosphatidylcholine * Acetyl-L-Tyrosine * Centrophenoxine * Alpha GPC * CDP Choline * Piperine * Anhydrous Caffeine * Vitamin D (oil) All from naturally-derived sources. NOTE: RealNZT does not have any residual issues like NZT-48 did in Limitless. That was a fictional "clear pill". Ours was developed to permanently improve brain and body, even if you quit taking the product. We take the product daily, and have been since 2008. There is more than 30 years of research behind the nootropics and herbs that make up our blends. If you have any questions, please contact us using Amazon's contact form. We'll get back with you immediately.
Directions
1) First, some insights: Please pour the whole tube in water. The tubes are custom blended for each individual. So they are created as a "stack" - meaning each ingredient is stacked on the next. So mixing a partial will not get you the full benefit of Real NZT. 2) Pour the whole tube in 20-36 ounces of water. Add flavoring. Shake well. * Drink 2-4 ounces, with a multivitamin and oil or oil capsule. This will preload your system with a solid nootropic balance. * After 20 minutes, think about how you feel and are performing. * If you need more boost, sip the remainder over the next 2 minutes. * If you're feeling good, just sip the remainder over the next 4-6 hours. * Take the Booster Cap cap between 1PM and 4PM (latest). Or first thing in the morning. That will extend the halflife of the drink mix and keep you running on all cylinders up through 8-10PM (or later). *You can also start your day with the Booster Cap (plus oil and a multi). * Take any form of oil with it (fish oil, Vitamin D, E, Grapeseed, Krill, whatever). The oil will extend the effect by 200%-300% over taking it alone. 3) Eat 45-60 minutes prior, if possible. The Nootropics will use the oils in the food to navigate the blood brain barrier. The fats and carbs in the food will extend the nootropic benefits. 4) Avoid taking Nootropics WITH food, unless the food is strictly carbs and oils. Proteins compete with the amino acids in the Nootropics, measurably reducing the effects. 5) Restoramones are in the tubes only. Take them every other day for best balance of uptake. 6) Experiment! You'll find that certain types of foods, or coffee, or tea, or exercise, dramatically improve your results. 7) Movement is critical. Taking NZT and then immediately sitting does not help distribute the formula in your bloodstream. So move a bit - take a short walk, or do squats in your shower - whatever it takes.
RealNZT-48 provides a custom-matched blend of the most powerful nootropics (brain performance nutrients) available. Because of that, you may experience more clarity, presence and energy than ever before. That should not be an issue for most physiologies. But as a precaution, and so we can customize your blend - Please contact us immediately following your order if you are: 1) On an MAO inhibitor - and which brand 2) On antidepressants - and which brand 3) Sensitive to stimulants (caffeine, etc...) Though we have never had a serious adverse reaction, we're most interested in this becoming the best experience of your life. Please give us feedback on your experience through the Contact form here on Amazon.com NOTE: RealNZT does not have any residual issues like NZT-48 did in Limitless. That was a fictional "clear pill". Ours was developed to permanently improve brain and body, even if you quit taking the product. We take the product daily, and have been since 2008. There is also more than 30 years of research behind the nootropics and herbs that make up our blends. If you have any questions, please contact us using Amazon's contact form. We'll get back with you immediately. NOTE: If you are under a doctor's care for depression, high blood pressure or psychological or physical issues, please indicate so prior to us blending your RealNZT mix. Thank you.
Indications
Best for individuals seeking ultra-high mental and physical performance and improved drive. Includes sports performance, public speaking, teaching, classroom and independent study, ADHD and ADD issues, and depression issues. Provides very focused, extended energy and mental clarity. Users will experience extended presence. The ability to parallel process multiple creative ideas. 6-12 hours of focus with drink mix. Extended with booster pill, 12-16 hours of focus and energy.
Ingredients
WebNutrients RealNZT-48 Current mix (Powder, in test tube): * B5-Pantothenic Acid * Ascorbic Acid * Omniracetam (custom, non-toxic nootropic distillate, 50/50 water/oil soluble) * NooSpark (custom non-toxic neuro-stimulant) * L-Glutamine * TMG (Trimethylglycne) * Calcium Citrate * Rhodiola * BCAA * Choline Bitartrate * Alpha GPC * CDP Choline * Phosphatidylserine * Acetyl-L-Tyrosine * Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR) * Anhydrous Caffeine * Arginine AKG * Citrulline Malate * Maltodextrin * L-Theanine * Grapeseed Extract * PEA * Hordenine * D-Ribose * Theobromine * Piperine * Curcumin * Vitamin D (oil) *** Booster Caps (00 capsules): * NooSpark (custom non-toxic neuro-stimulant) * Omniracetam-O+W (custom, non-toxic nootropic distillate) * Phosphatidylcholine * Acetyl-L-Tyrosine * Centrophenoxine * Alpha GPC * CDP Choline * Piperine * Anhydrous Caffeine * Vitamin D (oil) All from naturally-derived sources. NOTE: RealNZT does not have any residual issues like NZT-48 did in Limitless. That was a fictional "clear pill". Ours was developed to permanently improve brain and body, even if you quit taking the product. We take the product daily, and have been since 2008. There is more than 30 years of research behind the nootropics and herbs that make up our blends. If you have any questions, please contact us using Amazon's contact form. We'll get back with you immediately.
Directions
1) First, some insights: Please pour the whole tube in water. The tubes are custom blended for each individual. So they are created as a "stack" - meaning each ingredient is stacked on the next. So mixing a partial will not get you the full benefit of Real NZT. 2) Pour the whole tube in 20-36 ounces of water. Add flavoring. Shake well. * Drink 2-4 ounces, with a multivitamin and oil or oil capsule. This will preload your system with a solid nootropic balance. * After 20 minutes, think about how you feel and are performing. * If you need more boost, sip the remainder over the next 2 minutes. * If you're feeling good, just sip the remainder over the next 4-6 hours. * Take the Booster Cap cap between 1PM and 4PM (latest). Or first thing in the morning. That will extend the halflife of the drink mix and keep you running on all cylinders up through 8-10PM (or later). *You can also start your day with the Booster Cap (plus oil and a multi). * Take any form of oil with it (fish oil, Vitamin D, E, Grapeseed, Krill, whatever). The oil will extend the effect by 200%-300% over taking it alone. 3) Eat 45-60 minutes prior, if possible. The Nootropics will use the oils in the food to navigate the blood brain barrier. The fats and carbs in the food will extend the nootropic benefits. 4) Avoid taking Nootropics WITH food, unless the food is strictly carbs and oils. Proteins compete with the amino acids in the Nootropics, measurably reducing the effects. 5) Restoramones are in the tubes only. Take them every other day for best balance of uptake. 6) Experiment! You'll find that certain types of foods, or coffee, or tea, or exercise, dramatically improve your results. 7) Movement is critical. Taking NZT and then immediately sitting does not help distribute the formula in your bloodstream. So move a bit - take a short walk, or do squats in your shower - whatever it takes.
Activity : Showing
the push in effect
Nootropic
From Wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia
This article needs additional citations for
verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable
sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2012)
Nootropics (/noʊ.əˈtrɒpɨks/
noh-ə-TROP-iks), also referred to as smart drugs, memory enhancers, neuro
enhancers, cognitive enhancers, and intelligence enhancers, are drugs,
supplements, nutraceuticals, and functional foods that purportedly improve
mental functions such as cognition, memory, intelligence, motivation,
attention, and concentration.[1][2] The word nootropic was coined in 1972 by
the Romanian Dr. Corneliu E. Giurgea,[3][4] derived from the Greek words νους
nous, or "mind," and τρέπειν trepein meaning "to
bend/turn". Nootropics are thought to work by altering the availability of
the brain's supply of neurochemicals (neurotransmitters, enzymes, and hormones),
by improving the brain's oxygen supply, or by stimulating nerve growth.
Contents
[hide] 1 Nootropics vs. cognitive enhancers
2 Availability and
prevalence 2.1 Academic doping
3 Hazards
4 Drugs 4.1 Racetams
4.2 Vitamins and
supplements
4.3 Stimulants
4.4 Concentration and
memory enhancement 4.4.1 Cholinergics
4.4.2 GABA blockers
4.4.3 Glutamate
modulators
4.4.4 cAMP
4.4.5 Other
4.5 Serotonergics
4.6 Dopaminergics
4.7 Sleep
4.8 Anti-depression,
adaptogenic (anti-stress), and mood stabilization
4.9 Blood flow and
metabolic function
4.10 Experimental
histamine antagonists
4.11 Nerve growth
stimulation and brain cell protection
4.12 Hormones
4.13 Unknown enhancement
4.14 Other nootropics
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Nootropics vs. cognitive
enhancers[edit]
This section needs attention from an expert in
Pharmacology. Please add a reason or a talk parameter to this template to
explain the issue with the section. WikiProject Pharmacology (or its Portal)
may be able to help recruit an expert. (February 2010)
Cognitive enhancers are
drugs, supplements, nutraceuticals, and functional foods that enhance
attentional control and memory.[5][6] Nootropics are cognitive enhancers that
are neuroprotective or extremely nontoxic. Nootropics (such as Modafinil) are
by definition cognitive enhancers, but a cognitive enhancer is not necessarily
a nootropic.
Giurgea's nootropic
criteria:
1.Enhances learning and
memory.
2.Enhances learned
behaviors under conditions which are known to disrupt them (e.g. hypoxia, sleep
deprivation).
3.Protects the brain
from physical or chemical injury.
4.Enhances the tonic
cortical/subcortical control mechanisms
5.Exhibits few side
effects and extremely low toxicity, while lacking the pharmacology of typical
psychotropic drugs (motor stimulation, sedation, etc.).
Since Giurgea's original
criteria were first published, there has been little agreement as to what truly
constitutes a nootropic compound. The most well defined criteria to date was
established by Skondia in 1979. Skondia uses a metabolic approach, taking into
account the pharmacological mode of action.
Skondia's nootropic
criteria:
I. No direct
vasoactivity
A. No vasodilationB. No
vasoconstriction
II. EEG activity: No
change in basic rhythm
A. Quantitative EEG:
Increased power spectrum (beta 2 and alpha)B. Qualitative EEG: Decreased delta
waves and cerebral suffering
III. Must pass
blood-brain barrier
A. Under normal
conditionsB. Under pathological conditions
IV. Must show metabolic
activity in:
A. Animal brain
metabolism 1. Molecular2. PhysiopathologicalB. Human brain metabolism (clinical
evaluation) 1. A-V differences a. Increased extraction quotients of O2b.
Increased extraction quotients of glucosec. Reduced lactate pyruvate ratio2.
Regional cerebral metabolic rates (rCMR) a. Increased ICMR of O2b. Increased
rCMR of glucose3. Regional cerebral blood flow: Normalization
V. Minimal side effects
VI. Clinical trials must
be conducted with several rating scales designed to objectify metabolic
cerebral improvement.
Availability and
prevalence[edit]
At present, there are
several drugs on the market that improve memory, concentration, and planning,
and reduce impulsive behavior. Many more are in different stages of
development.[7] The most commonly used class of drug is stimulants.[8]
These drugs are used
primarily to treat people with cognitive or motor function difficulties
attributable to such disorders as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease,
Huntington's disease and ADHD. However, more widespread use is being
recommended by some researchers.[9] These drugs have a variety of human
enhancement applications as well, and are marketed heavily on the Internet.
Nevertheless, intense marketing may not correlate with efficacy; while
scientific studies support some of the claimed benefits, it is worth noting
that not all of the claims from certain nootropics suppliers have been formally
tested.
Academic doping[edit]
Main article: Academic
doping
In academia a Nootropic
called modafinil has been used to increase productivity, although its long-term
effects have not been assessed in healthy individuals.[7] Stimulants such as
methylphenidate, a cognitive enhancer (which is not considered as a Nootropic
according to the criteria above), are being used on college campuses, and by an
increasingly younger group.[7] One survey found that 7% of students had used
stimulants for a cognitive edge, and on some campuses use in the past year is
as high as 25%.[8][10] The use of prescription stimulants is especially
prevalent among students attending academically competitive colleges and
students who are members of a fraternity/sorority.[10]
Surveys suggest that
3-11% of American students and 0.7-4.5% of German students have used cognitive
enhancers in their lifetime.[11]
Hazards[edit]
The main concern with
pharmaceutical drugs is adverse effects, and these concerns apply to
cognitive-enhancing drugs as well. Cognitive enhancers are often taken for the
long-term when little data is available.[7]
Dr. Corneliu E. Giurgea
originally coined the word nootropics for brain-enhancing drugs with very few
side-effects. Racetams are sometimes cited as an example of a nootropic with
few side-effects and a wide therapeutic window.[12] In the United States,
unapproved drugs or dietary supplements do not have to have safety or efficacy
approval before being sold.[13]
Drugs[edit]
Racetams[edit]
The word nootropic was
coined upon discovery of the effects of piracetam, developed in the 1960s.[14]
Studies of the racetams have revealed that these structurally similar compounds
often act via different mechanisms. Notable drugs include pramiracetam,
oxiracetam, and aniracetam. Their mechanisms of action are not fully
understood. Piracetam and aniracetam are known to act as positive allosteric
modulators of AMPA receptors and appear to modulate cholinergic systems.[15]
Although aniracetam and nebracetam show affinity for muscarinic receptors, only
nefiracetam shows it at the nanomolar range. Racetams have been called
"pharmacologically safe" drugs.[12]
Vitamins and
supplements[edit]
B Vitamins—may influence
cognitive function through an effect on methylation and homocysteine levels, as
excess homocysteine has been associated with cognitive impairment and the B
vitamins work to reduce homocysteine.[16] However, although epidemiological
evidence shows an association, two studies did not find B vitamin
supplementation improves cognitive function, and another that found an
association was criticized.[17] In 2008 a systematic review of trials found
"little evidence of a beneficial impact" from supplements on
cognitive function later in life.[18] A randomized, placebo-controlled trial in
168 70 year olds with mild cognitive impairment showed that a mix of B vitamins
slowed the rate of brain atrophy; the slowing was related to a decrease in
homocysteine levels.[19]
Choline— Higher
concurrent choline intake was related to better cognitive performance.[20] It
improves long-term memory in animal models.[21]
ω-3 fatty acids have
been linked to the maintenance of brain function. Omega-3's provide DHA,
important in the function and growth of nervous tissue. It is especially
important during brain development.[22] A study preformed in Norway[23]
demonstrated a potential link between Omega-3 consumption during pregnancy and
child intelligence test scores.[24] A cross-sectional population-based study of
1,613 subjects found an association between PUFA intake and decreased risk for
impairment of cognitive function & cognitive speed.[25] Another study
showed that boys with lower levels of Omega-3 had more behavior issues,
including ADHD.[26]
Isoflavones—may be
related to cognitive function.[27] A double-blind, placebo-controlled study
showed improvement in spatial working memory after administration of an
isoflavone combination containing daidzein, genistein & glycitein.[28] In a
randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of older, non-demented men
& women, soy isoflavone supplementation improved performance on 6 of 11
cognitive tests, including visual-spatial memory and construction, verbal
fluency and speeded dexterity; unexpectedly, the placebo group performed better
on 2 tests of executive function.[29]
Vitamin D—has positive
effects on cardiovascular health and may have positive effects on cognitive
function separately; the active form of Vitamin D seems to be involved in brain
development and in adult brain function. In particular, metabolic pathways for
Vitamin D in the hippocampus and cerebellum have been found. Epidemiological
data show that higher Vitamin D levels (>20 ng/mL or 50nmol/L) are
associated with better cognitive function, but do not seem to be associated
with better memory performance.[30] Vitamin D has also been shown to be
necessary in the production of dopamine [31]
Vitamin C— has been
shown to help reduce brain injury and also reduce the amount of Cortisol in the
body. High levels of Cortisol have been linked to Alzheimer's
Disease.[32][medical citation needed]
Vitamin E—protects
neurons from injury caused by Free Radicals.[33][medical citation needed]
A 2007 survey of online
databases for herbs used in traditional herbal medicine to treat cognitive
decline – without any proof of safety or efficacy – found over 150 plant
species, such as Ginkgo biloba and Epimedium which is commonly call 'Goat
weed'.[34]
Stimulants[edit]
Stimulants are often
seen as smart drugs, but may be more accurately termed productivity enhancers.
These typically improve concentration and a few areas of cognitive performance,
but only while the drug is still in the blood at therapeutic concentrations.
Some scientists recommend widespread use of stimulants such as methylphenidate
and amphetamines by the general population to increase brain power.[8][35]
Amphetamines Amphetamine
(Adderall, Dexedrine)—TA1 agonist and consequently a catecholamine releasing
agent
Lisdexamfetamine
(Vyvanse)—dextroamphetamine prodrug
Adrenergics
Dimethylamylamine—adrenergic
Atomoxetine—norepinephrine
reuptake inhibitor; uncompetitive NMDA antagonist; clinically used in the
treatment of ADHD
Reboxetine—Norepinephrine
reuptake inhibitor; approved in Europe for clinical depression but may also be
used off-label to treat ADHD
Synephrine—endogenous
trace amine found in significant concentrations in the Bitter orange;agonist at
α1 adrenergic receptors
Cholinergics
Arecoline—nicotinic agonist and partial agonist at muscarinic receptors
M1-4[36][37][38]
Nicotine A meta-analysis
of 41 double-blind, placebo-controlled studies concluded that nicotine or smoking
had significant positive effects on fine motor, alerting attention-accuracy and
response time (RT), orienting attention-RT, short-term episodic
memory-accuracy, and working memory-RT.[39]
Eugeroics
("Wakefulness Enhancers")—unproven primary mechanisms but proven
efficacy as a Nootropic Adrafinil
Armodafinil
Modafinil
CRL-40,941
Xanthines—reduces
fatigue perception via adenosine receptor antagonism. Caffeine—shown to
increase alertness, performance, and in some studies, memory.[40] Children and
adults who consume low doses of caffeine showed increase alertness, yet a
higher dose was needed to improve performance.[41]
Paraxanthine
Theobromine
Theophylline.
Concentration and memory
enhancement[edit]
The nootropics in this
section are purported or shown to enhance concentration or the recollection and
formation of memories.
Cholinergics[edit]
Cholinergics are
substances that affect the neurotransmitter acetylcholine or the components of
the nervous system that use acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is a facilitator of
memory formation. Increasing the availability of this neurotransmitter in the
brain may improve these functions. Cholinergic nootropics include acetylcholine
precursors and cofactors, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors:
Precursors Choline—precursor
of acetylcholine and phosphatidylcholine
DMAE—precursor of
acetylcholine;Template:Medial citation needed appears promising in treating
ADHD, though results are inconclusive[42]
Meclofenoxate—probable
precursor of acetylcholine, approved for Dementia and Alzheimer's
Alpha-GPC
Cofactors
Acetylcarnitine—amino acid that functions in acetylcholine production by
donating the acetyl portion to the acetylcholine molecule
Vitamin B5—cofactor in
the conversion of choline into acetylcholine
Acetylcholinesterase
inhibitors Galantamine—also allosterically modulates certain nicotinic
receptors to facilitate acetylcholine release[43]
Ipidacrine (Neiromidin)
is a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor used in memory disorders of different
origins.
Lycoris radiata (Red
Spider Lily)—natural source for galantamine
Huperzine A—also shown
to act as an NMDA antagonist and appears to increase nerve growth factor levels
in rats[44]
Donepezil
Rosemary
Sage
Celastrus paniculatus
cannabis Due to its
AChE-inhibiting properties, Cannabis appears to increase acetylcholine levels
and therefore studies suggest it as a treatment for Alzheimer's.[45] Anxiolytic
and analgesic found in cannabis. Neuroprotectant, possible Alzheimer's
prevention and possible neurogenesis inducer.[46] Possible neurotoxic effects
of a notable constituent, THC, have been documented[47]
Reuptake inhibitors and
enhancers Coluracetam— Increases high affinity choline uptake[48]
Piracetam— Increases
high affinity choline uptake[49]
Oxiracetam— Increases
high affinity choline uptake[49]
Pramiiracetam— Increases
high affinity choline uptake[50]
Sulbutiamine— Increases
high affinity choline uptake[51]
Ginsenosides
Agonists AR-R17779
Arecoline
GTS-21
Ispronicline
Nicotine
PHA-543,613
PHA-709,829
SSR-180,711
WAY-317,538
GABA blockers[edit]
The GABAA α5 receptor
site has recently displayed memory improvements when inverse agonized.
α5IA—α5 inverse agonist.
A number of α5IA analogues exist that, like α5IA, selectively and partially
agonize some GABA receptor subtypes while inverse agonizing others, which may
provide a nootropic effect without the associated anxiogenic effects of GABA
inverse agonism.Template:Medial citation needed
Suritozole—α5 partial
inverse agonist
Pantogam has a direct
effect on the GABA-B receptor-channel complex.[52]
Glutamate
modulators[edit]
See also: AMPAkine
Ligands and modulators
of the AMPA receptor, an ionotropic glutamate receptor, are being researched
for a myriad of conditions, from Alzheimer's to ADHD. Although there are many
AMPAkines being researched, those mentioned here show signs of entering the
market in the near future. Other notable drugs with AMPA-modulating activity
include aniracetam and tianeptine.
CX-717—pending FDA
approval for memory-impairing illnesses and ADHD
IDRA-21—believed to
improve memory by significantly enhancing long-term potentiation but used only
in animals; incredibly potent
LY-503,430—under
development for Parkinson's but showing increase in BDNF, specifically in areas
of memory and higher cognitive skills
cAMP[edit]
Cyclic adenosine
monophosphate is a secondary messenger that may improve certain aspects of
memory if increased. Common research tools for this purpose include PDE4
inhibitors, which prevents cAMP catabolism, and forskolin, a stimulator of adenylate
cyclase.
Forskolin—stimulates
adenylate cyclase[53]
Propentofylline—nonselective
phosphodiesterase inhibitor with some neuroenhancement
Rolipram—PDE4 inhibitor,
shows alertness enhancement, long term memory improvement and neuroprotection
Mesembrine—PDE4-inhibitor
with possible serotonergic activity
Other[edit]
α2A receptors are
concentrated heavily in the prefrontal cortex and the locus coeruleus, with the
potential to improve attention abilities via modulating post-synaptic α2A
receptors in the prefrontal cortex.[54]
Guanfacine is an α2A
receptor agonist, FDA approved the treatment of ADHD.[55][56] Guanfacine has
been found to strengthen working memory, reduce distractibility, improve
response inhibition, increase regional cerebral blood flow, reduce locomotor
hyperactivity, and improve attentional control in animal models, as well as
enhance memory function in humans.[57] Another study found no effect on healthy
male adult's executive functions and working memory, and small decrements on 2
tasks relating to the sedative effect of guanfacine.[58]
PRL-8-53 is a potent
hypermnesic drug that significantly increases long term memory with a currently
unknown mechanism of action involving cholinergic and dopaminergic
activation.[59][60]
Serotonergics[edit]
Serotonin is a
neurotransmitter with various effects on mood and possible effects on
neurogenesis. Serotonergics are substances that affect the neurotransmitter
serotonin or the components of the nervous system that use serotonin.
Serotonergic nootropics include serotonin precursors and cofactors, and
serotonin reuptake inhibitors:
Precursors
5-HTP—precursor (intermediate between tryptophan and serotonin)
Tryptophan—essential
amino acid precursor; multiple neurotoxic metabolites[61]
Cofactors
Pyridoxal-phosphate (or PLP, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, P5P, active form of Vitamin
B6)—plays role in conversion of 5-HTP into serotonin (via the enzyme aromatic
L-amino acid decarboxylase).[62][63]
Reuptake inhibitors
SSRIs—class of antidepressants that increase active serotonin levels by
inhibiting reuptake, also shown to promote Neurogenesis in the hippocampus
Sceletium
tortuosum—active constituent mesembrine shown to act as an SSRI[64] and PDE4
inhibitor. (Half-life unknown)
Hypericum
perforatum—inhibits reuptake of serotonin (as well as Norepinephrine, Dopamine,
GABA and Glutamate) via activation of TRPC6
MAO-A inhibitors
Resveratrol[65]
Curcumin[66]
Piperine[67]
Harmal[68] One of the
major constituents of harmal, harmaline, has demonstrated acetylcholinesterase
inhibition.
Rhodiola rosea[69]
5-HT2A receptor agonists
2C-x—it has been reported that some these compounds causes nootropic,
stimulant, or anti-anxiety effects at low doses. 2C-D, 2C-I, and 2C-C are
examples. However, at hallucinogenic doses, these chemical compounds may be
unpredictable. Research on these chemicals is sparse; they require further
investigation.
Other
Tianeptine—atypical antidepressant with anxiolytic properties; a hypothesized
mechanism of action revolves around modulation of NMDA and AMPA receptors,
based on tianeptine's effect of promoting stress-associated impaired
neuroplasticity;[70][71] it increases the extracellular concentration of
dopamine in the nucleus accumbens[72] and modulates the D2 and D3 dopamine
receptors,[73] but this effect is modest and almost certainly indirect.[70]
Dopaminergics[edit]
Metabolic
precursors—raise levels[medical citation needed] L-Phenylalanine—purported
cognitive improvement[citation needed]
L-Tyrosine (or
N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine, more bioavailable form)—purported cognitive improvement
L-DOPA
(L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine)—precursor to catecholamines (dopamine);
neurotoxic effects documented[74][75][76]
Biopterin—a vitamin
(coenzyme) that is synthesized in the pineal gland[77] & crucial to the
biosynthesis of dopamine
Pyridoxal-phosphate (or
PLP, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, P5P, active form of Vitamin B6)—cofactor for
aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, the enzyme that decarboxylases L-DOPA,
producing dopamine.
Reuptake
inhibitors—stabilize/improve levels[medical citation needed] Amineptine—mild
stimulant
Methylphenidate—stimulant
approved for ADHD; potent NDRI and σ1 receptor agonist[78]
Bupropion—atypical
antidepressant; weak NDRI[79] and nicotinic antagonist[80]
MAO-B inhibitors—prevent
some catabolism of dopamine and β-PEA Selegiline—irreversible; amphetamine
metabolites[81]
Rasagiline—irreversible
Rhodiola
rosea—Adaptogenic herb; reversible[69]
Dopamine agonists
Ropinirole—agonist at D2, D3, and D4 receptors
Pramipexole—agonist at
D2, D3, and D4 receptors
Amisulpride —atypical
antipsychotic with higher affinity for the presynaptic Dopamine D2 receptor
than postsynaptic, facilitating dopaminergic transmission in lower doses.[82]
Others Mucuna pruriens
(Velvet Bean)—natural source of L-DOPA
Modafinil—purported
dopaminergic activity that exhibits the criteria of a Nootropic
Citicoline (INN) (aka:
cytidine diphosphate-choline (CDP-Choline) & cytidine
5'-diphosphocholine)—studies suggest CDP-choline supplements partially prevent
the loss of dopamine D2 receptors in aged mice,[83] and that CDP-choline
supplementation ameliorates memory impairment caused by environmental
conditions (in rats).[84] Preliminary research has found that citicoline may
have potential in the treatment of attention deficit-hyperactivity
disorder.[85][86]
Sleep[edit]
Sleep is known to be
important in memory consolidation, mood, anxiety, appetite, and numerous other
physiological processes. Drugs that improve sleep may therefore have an
indirect nootropic effect.
See also: Theories about
the functions of REM sleep
Melatonin—antioxidant.[87][88]
Exogenous melatonin protects against substantia nigra cell loss in
ovariectomized rats.[89] May normalize circadian rhythms in humans[90]
Agomelatine— MT1
receptor agonist and 5-HT2C neutral antagonist[91]
Anti-depression,
adaptogenic (anti-stress), and mood stabilization[edit]
Stress (specifically
elevated levels of circulating corticosteroids) has been associated with the
cognitive deficits seen in human aging.[92] Many studies show that stress and
fatigue negatively impact cognitive functioning in young adults.[93][94] Some
level of stress in the learning environment may aid the ability to focus and
retain information. However, stress levels, especially high, sustained or
traumatic stressors, hinder declarative memory, spatial reasoning, learning,
attention and working memory. Fatigue is also a stressor that impedes
attention, processing, retrieval, working memory and short term memory.[93] The
effects of stress on cognitive performance seem to be controlled by the
sympatho-adrenal system and the hypothalamic-hypophysial-adrenal axis.[94]
Depression and depressed
mood negatively affect cognitive performance and memory.[95] Depression was
found to increase false memory, especially with negative words or subjects.[95]
It is reasoned that
counteracting and preventing depression and stress management may be an
effective nootropic strategy.[93][94] Proper nutrition, adequate sleep, and
mechanisms for coping with stress, such as meditation, have been shown to
improve learning and cognitive functioning both in the short and long
term.[93][94]
The term adaptogen
applies to most herbal anti-stress claims.[citation needed]
The substances below may
not have been mentioned earlier on the page:
Beta blockers—evidence
from controlled trials spanning 25 years supports the claim that beta-blockers
are effective for reducing anxiety, likely through peripheral blockade of
beta-receptors; most data comes from studies of generalized anxiety and acute
stress.[96]
Theanine—relaxation;
found in green tea; increases nicotinic acetylcholine and reduces nicotinic
dopamine[citation needed]
Lemon Balm—displays
adaptogen properties; in rats it has been shown to possess GABA transaminase
inhibitor activity[97] and in homogenates of human cerebral cortical cell
membranes possesses activity at acetylcholine receptors.[98] In a randomized,
double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 18 healthy volunteers, 600 mg of
'Melissa officinalis' extract attenuated volunteers' response to a
laboratory-induced stress test 1 hour after administration; 300 mg
significantly improved speed of mathematical processing 1 hour after
administration.[99]
Passion Flower—possible
MAOI and neurotransmitter reuptake activity[citation needed]
Rhodiola
Rosea—adaptogen; possible MAOI activity[100]
St John's Wort—herbal
supplement approved (in Europe) to treat mild depression. Method of action is
unproven but exhibits effects similar to both MAOIs and SSRIs.[citation needed]
There is evidence that it may decrease the effectiveness of methylphenidate
treatment.[101]
Ginseng (including
Siberian ginseng)—adaptogenic effects shown[citation needed]
Sutherlandia
frutescens—possible anti-inflammatory, reducing pain from those
illnesses[citation needed]
Kava—anxiolytic
herb[citation needed]
Grape seed extract—has
shown some efficacy in reducing bodily stress[citation needed]
Adafenoxate—possible
anxiolytic effect[citation needed]
Phenibut GABA receptor
agonist excerting anxiolytic effects
Picamilon GABA prodrug
which excerts anxiolytic effects by releasing GABA and niacin in the CNS.
Valerian—possible
anxiolytic effect through agonism at GABA-A receptors[citation needed]
Butea frondosa—possible
anxiolytic effect[102]
Gotu Kola—adaptogen and
anxiolytic[citation needed]
Foti[disambiguation
needed]—adaptogen; possible MAOI activity[citation needed]
Panax ginseng—Multiple
randomized, placebo-controlled studies in healthy volunteers have been
performed, results include increases in accuracy of memory, speed in performing
attention tasks and improvement in performing difficult mental arithmetic
tasks, as well as reduction in fatigue and improvement in mood.[103]
Many Chinese herbs such
as Polygala tenuifolia, Acorus gramineus and Huperzia serrata.[104]
Bacopa monnieri[105]
Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum,
sweet holy basil)[106]
IAP(5-APDI) Lifts mood
and promotes a peaceful mindset. Anti-anxiety.
2-methyl-2-butanol
Anti-anxiety that lifts mood and increases sociability. Although it doesn't
have the side effects or toxic metabolites that ethanol has, frequent use may
cause dependence.[citation needed]
Blood flow and metabolic
function[edit]
Brain function is
dependent on many basic processes such as the usage of ATP, removal of waste,
and intake of new materials. Improving blood flow or altering these processes
can benefit brain function. The list below contains only vasodilators that have
shown at least probable mental enhancement.
Mildronate may improve
the ability of learning and memory, as the drug changes the expression of
hippocampal proteins related to synaptic plasticity
Blessed
Thistle—increases blood circulation, improving memory[citation needed]
Coenzyme
q-10—antioxidant; increases oxygen usage by mitochondria
Creatine—protects ATP
during transport
Lipoic acid—improves
oxygen usage and antioxidant recycling, possibly improving memory
Pyritinol—Drug similar
to B vitamin Pyridoxine
Picamilon—GABA activity
and blood flow improver
Ginkgo
biloba—vasodilator. Acts as an NRI.[107] A double-blind, placebo-controlled
trial in young healthy females showed an improvement in short-term memory
performance 1 hour after administration of a 600 mg dose.[108] An analysis of
29 placebo-controlled RCTs showed that "there is consistent evidence that
chronic administration improves selective attention, some executive processes
and long-term memory for verbal and non-verbal material."[109] A
double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 20 young healthy volunteers showed a
dose-dependent improvement in speed-of-attention following administration of
240 mg and 360 mg of Ginkgo extract, effects were measured 2.5h after administration
and persisted at least until 6h; various other time- and dose-specific changes
(some positive, some negative) in other areas were observed.[110]
Vinpocetine— is reported
to have cerebral blood-flow enhancing[111] and neuroprotective effects,[112] and
is used as a drug in Eastern Europe for the treatment of cerebrovascular
disorders and age-related memory impairment.[113] Also shown to inhibit
voltage-sensitive Na+ channels—however, through a similar mechanism to
reserpine, Vinpocetine may temporarily deplete the monoamines serotonin,
dopamine and norepinephrine by inhibiting VMAT, thus preventing them from
reaching the synapse.[114] Vinpocetine may therefore induce or exacerbate
depressive symptoms as an adverse effect. However, this effect tends to be
reversible upon cessation of Vinpocetine administration, with full remission
typically occurring within 3–4 weeks. Vinpocetine has been identified as a
potent anti-inflammatory agent that might have a potential role in the
treatment of Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.[115][116]
Vincamine—increases
blood circulation (vasodilator) and metabolism in the brain; related to
vinpocetine; used in sustained release.
Nicergoline—an ergot
derivative used to treat senile dementia and other disorders with vascular
origins; it has been found to increase mental agility and enhance clarity and
perception; it decreases vascular resistance and increases arterial blood flow
in the brain, improving the utilization of oxygen and glucose by brain cells;
it has been used for more than three decades for the treatment of cognitive,
affective, and behavioral disorders of older people.[117]
Experimental histamine
antagonists[edit]
The H3-receptor
decreases neurotransmitter release: histamine, acetylcholine, norepinephrine,
serotonin. Thus, H3-receptor-antagonists increases cognition, vigilance, and
wakefulness.
Ciproxifan—produces
wakefulness and attentiveness in animal studies, and produced cognitive
enhancing effects without prominent stimulant effects at relatively low levels
of receptor occupancy, and pronounced wakefulness at higher doses.[118]
A-349,821—It has
nootropic effects in animal studies.[119]
ABT-239 – strong H3
receptor inverse agonist that is more active than ciproxifan, but its
investigation into human use was dropped after it was discovered to cause QT
prolongation in subjects
Betahistine
Modafinil
Nerve growth stimulation
and brain cell protection[edit]
Nerves are necessary to
the foundation of brain communication and their degeneracy, underperformance,
or lacking can have disastrous results on brain functions. Antioxidants may
prevent oxidative stress and cell death, therefore exerting a neuroprotective
effect.
Idebenone—antioxidant[citation
needed]
Glutathione—chief
antioxidant[citation needed]
Sesamol—antioxidant
[120]
Acetylcarnitine
(Acetyl-L-Carnitine Arginate or Hydrochloride)[citation needed]
Inositol—implicated in
memory function, deficit linked to some psychiatric illnesses—has been shown
particularly efficacious in OCD patients
Anticonvulsants—inhibit
seizure related brain malfunction if a person has seizures[citation needed]
Phosphatidylserine—possible
membrane stabilizer[citation needed]
Lion's Mane
Mushroom—Stimulated myelination in an in vitro experiment[121] and stimulated
nerve growth factor in an in vitro experiment with human astrocytoma
cells.[122] Also improved cognitive ability, in a double-blind, parallel-group,
placebo-controlled trial.[123]
SAM-e (S-Adenosyl
methionine)—crucial for cellular regeneration (fuels DNA methylation[124]),
also involved with the biosynthesis of dopamine & serotonin[125]
Acetylcysteine
(L-cysteine)—precursor to antioxidant glutathione[126]
Uncaria tomentosa (Cat's
Claw)—in an in vitro experiment with rats, it inhibited formation of brain beta
amyloid deposits,[127] which have been associated with Alzheimer's disease.
(Cannabidiol and
Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol)—Cannabidiol (nonpsychoactive) and
Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (psychotropic) antioxidant.[128]
Hormones[edit]
These are hormones that
have activity not necessarily attributable to another specific chemical
interaction, but have shown effectiveness. Only specific nootropic effects are
stated.
Vasopressin—memory
hormone that improves both memory encoding and recall. Desmopressin
(1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin, DDAVP) was given to 17 children with
attention & learning disorders daily for 10 days in a placebo-controlled,
randomized, double-blind study; memory & learning were improved compared
with placebo; the same study failed to find similar benefits after
administration of a single dose.[129]
Pregnenolone—increases
neurogenesis[medical citation needed]
Orexin or
Hypocretin—significant wakefulness promoter
DHEA—precursor to
estrogen and testosterone
Unknown
enhancement[edit]
Other agents purported
to have nootropic effects but do not (yet) have attributable mechanisms or
clinically significant effects (but may upon refinement of administration) are
listed below.
Nootropics with proven
or purported benefits:
Polygala tenuifolia
(Yuan Zhi)— A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group
study of the extract of dried roots of Polygala tenuifolia in healthy adults
produced memory-enhancing effects.[130] A similar trial with elderly humans
also found significant cognitive improvement.[131]
Bacopa monniera (Brahmi)
— Shown to possess adaptogenic properties and enhance memory and
concentration.[132] Folk use in Ayurvedic medicine purports "enhancement
of curiosity"; Brahmi rasayana has been shown to improve learning and
memory in mice[133]
Clitoria ternatea
(Shankhpushpi) — In traditional Ayurvedic medicine, it has been used for
centuries as a memory enhancer, nootropic, antistress, anxiolytic,
antidepressant, anticonvulsant, tranquilizing and sedative agent.
Fipexide—drug for
Dementia
Piperic acid—allegedly a
mild serotonergic, nootropic, antistress, anxiolytic, and allegedly has mild to
moderate memory enhancing effects.
Gerovital H3—famous
alleged anti-aging mixture, most effects disproven but some mind enhancement
shown
Sulbutiamine—fat soluble
vitamin B1 derivative—caused mice to perform better on operant conditioning
tests[134] and object recognition tests[135]
Royal Jelly—Increases
brain cell growth and diversity, only demonstrated in-vitro, improbable in-vivo
(it has been reported to stimulate the growth of glial cells[136] and neural
stem cells in the brain.[137])
Curcumin—significant
in-vitro activity, but in-vivo activity limited by low bioavailability unless
accompanied by ingestion of piperine
Other nootropics[edit]
Complication: The nature of the
transition of the agent is top secret.. what does it take to wake a sleeping
giant.
Scene “We saw you give the
cocktail what’s in it?”
Scene “,…and the beat goes on”
Scene “….the treat is real..”
Scene “Mix-logy”
Scene ..Don’t rock the boat “
6
Sequence: B Story
Goal : Pentagon
comes calling
Activity : Call
to Duty
Complication: True Self
Scene “..Why doesn’t the rabbit
run?”
Scene “How long do we have …?”
Scene “..Now or Never..?”
Scene “What about my ..?”
Scene “Sleeper…sleeps”
6. Break into Two(25): 6-9
A undercover “sleeper” is awaken to turn a coup in a foreign government as the “sleeper” comes online, the handler is brought in the military command unaware of the protocols in place , high command almost kill’s operative not aware the role the handlers play and the handler is immediately returned to the black site to aid her agent thru the awaking stage.
7. B Story (30): 15-16
Government entities that are wishing to overtake the program for their own means try to strong arm the program…
8. Fun and Games (30-55):16-25
Not needed
9. Midpoint (55):30 31-34
The “Sleeper” is brought online , given orders and handler
is working the command protocols while running covert ops and bring the ops’
black elements on line.. the sleeper his complete it’s task and over throwing
the coup the powers at be are able to remain in control but the command unit is
amazed at the level of easy the “sleeper” is able to complete its task and is
able to slip back into the covert operation of his day-to-day life without
issue.
Plot Point II
10. Bad Guys In Close In (55-75):35
The coup leaders are back in the North after the fail in the southern region of the country and are unaware why it didn’t work after analyst of all there information they believe that outside forces stop there successful attempted to take over the country they work quickly to reorganize their supporters and attempt to restage the coup with supports in the north..the government is on the brink of falling when the “Sleeper” is brought in to stop the overthrow ..but the leaders are only there to determine the cause and the reason why their efforts were over turn…
11. All Is Lost (75):36-40
The undercover “sleeper” is trapped in an attempted to return .. the mission is on the brink of failure when the op’s handler has to open a protocol that is in place to remove any operative out of harm’s way by using a coordinated strike teams that are in place for emergency support and to aid an op’s mission ‘ the command is surprise by this information and attempted to gain control of the team .. on the ground but they are able to get away before contact is made.
12. Dark Night of the Soul (75-85):41-42
Sleeper agent is put in harm’s way to trigger the strike team .. the off book ops is deemed “Night wind” but the team doesn’t show ..showing the level intelligence the team has and is determine they’re monitoring the agent biofeedback response and has protocols’ in place to determine if the agent is really in need of support.
10. Bad Guys In Close In (55-75):35
The coup leaders are back in the North after the fail in the southern region of the country and are unaware why it didn’t work after analyst of all there information they believe that outside forces stop there successful attempted to take over the country they work quickly to reorganize their supporters and attempt to restage the coup with supports in the north..the government is on the brink of falling when the “Sleeper” is brought in to stop the overthrow ..but the leaders are only there to determine the cause and the reason why their efforts were over turn…
11. All Is Lost (75):36-40
The undercover “sleeper” is trapped in an attempted to return .. the mission is on the brink of failure when the op’s handler has to open a protocol that is in place to remove any operative out of harm’s way by using a coordinated strike teams that are in place for emergency support and to aid an op’s mission ‘ the command is surprise by this information and attempted to gain control of the team .. on the ground but they are able to get away before contact is made.
12. Dark Night of the Soul (75-85):41-42
Sleeper agent is put in harm’s way to trigger the strike team .. the off book ops is deemed “Night wind” but the team doesn’t show ..showing the level intelligence the team has and is determine they’re monitoring the agent biofeedback response and has protocols’ in place to determine if the agent is really in need of support.
ACT 3
7
Sequence: Midpoint
Goal : Complication
(best) What is the activity state of the sleeper once he/or she is brought
online
Activity : Instance
reaction from a non-active state to complete awareness
Complication: Hyper Awareness hence handlers have to be clean of everything
8
Scene “The past comes creeping …in”
Scene “Why is this still
ongoing..?”
Scene “…The NZT48 is bad”
Scene “Remix”
Scene “Extract”
9
Sequence: Bad Guys In Close In
Goal : level of speed of thought
mind and body
Activity : movement of thought
and action to be self aware
Complication: processing information with a high level of skill and
action in regard to the moment
Scene “How do they do that?”
Scene “interaction of thought
into action”
Scene “Pure movement with pre
plan thought”
Scene “The Clarity of mind”
Scene “Sleeper engaged”
13. Break into Three (85):43-45
the program is deemed worth and each handler is assigned an agent to support them and back them up the “Sleeper” program is brought fully online.
14. Finale (85-110):50
“Sleeper” in the field ending and responding to issues with advice and targeted response time without help of command or over site
15. Final Image(110):60
Sleeper attacking an underground bunker with a group of
captured seals on the inside…”When there is no One else to call…..You wake a
sleeping Giant”
…Fade to Black
Describe your perfect beat sheet
1
Sequence 1
a.
Complication (best) MC is found (dream sequence) running for his life behind
enemy lines
b.
Complication (worst) Moving in a situation on pure instinct
c.
Complication (genre) Alone reacting only moving without thought uncontrolled
2
Sequence 2
a.
Complication (best) Waking from his dream(nightmare)
b.
Complication (worst) Battlefield fighting
c.
Complication (genre) a warrior waging war against himself
3
Sequence 3
a.
Complication (best) Awaking changed
b.
Complication (worst) Hearing a call awakes
c.
Complication (genre) Sleeper is awaking
4
Sequence 4
a.
Complication (best) Introduction of the handler
b.
Complication (worst) Team up (Batman and Robyn) “Which one of you is Batman and
who is Robin?”
c.
Complication (genre) Agent/Handler
5
Sequence 5
a.
Complication (best) What is the NZT48 ?cocktail and how does it work?
b.
Complication (worst) “The Push”
c.
Complication (genre) Showing the push in effect
6
Sequence 6
a.
Complication (best) Pentagon comes calling
b.
Complication (worst) Call to Duty
c.
Complication (genre) True Self
7
Sequence 7
a.
Complication (best) What is the activity state of the sleeper once he/or she is
brought online
b.
Complication (worst) Instance reaction from a non-active state to complete
awareness
c.
Complication (genre) Hyper Awareness hence handlers have to be clean of
everything
8
Sequence 8
a.
Complication (best) level of speed of thought mind and body
b.
Complication (worst) movement of thought and action to be self aware
c.
Complication (genre) processing information with a high level of skill and
action in regard to the moment
List of Characters
[i] Futures
algorithms provided by futures commission merchants (FCMs) and facilitated
through front-end trading systems are beginning to mature. Current users have
new demands to support existing practices and are looking to further build out
their advanced execution strategies. At the same time, a number of large buy
side institutions, including those that have traditionally shied away from
using futures algos, are showing interest, with a rising number of requests
being received by algo providers.
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